【聯合報╱本報記者陳宛茜】

請想像，巴黎市中心出現一座花瓣般的歌劇院，所有政府機構都搬遷到郊區，把市區讓給一條條用綠意裝飾的自行車道、以及一座座擁有美麗屋頂花園的公寓…這不是什麼科幻片，而是10位建築師聯手提出的「巴黎整容計畫」。

去年，法國總統沙克吉邀請世界10位知名建築師，為巴黎設計2030年時的面貌。他提出邀約時表示，希望他們秉持「夢想般的自由」，將法國首都改造成「後京都議定書時代全球最環保、大膽的城市」。上周這群「城市美容師」已陸續向法國文化部提交方案。

擁有林蔭大道、左岸的花都巴黎，是多少人心中「最美麗的城市」。如今的她就像林青霞級的資深美女，不僅公開承認自己需要「整容」、還公開徵求整容方案、任人品頭論足，光勇氣便值得喝彩。

現代巴黎其實經過一次「大刀整容」，與一次「小針美容」。18世紀中期，拿破侖三世訪問英國，驚見火災後的倫敦煥然一新，巴黎相形之下陰暗又骯髒，於是命令塞納省省長奧斯曼男爵進行「大巴黎都市計畫」。

奧斯曼鏟除陰暗狹窄的小街小巷，打造一條條寬闊的林蔭大道，奠立巴黎浪漫精神的香榭大道就此誕生。他沿街建造整齊劃一的樓房、公園、廣場，設置結構完整的供水和排水系統等。他還親自手繪設計，為街屋設計統一的立面裝飾、街道家具。這一次的整容讓巴黎「醜女大翻身」，成為公認的絕世美女。

1980年代，總統密特朗展開「大建築計畫」。他不像奧斯曼這樣大刀闊斧，只選擇在巴黎的重要位置上「小針美容」，邀請知名建築師建造多座地標式建築，包括羅浮宮玻璃金字塔、科學工藝公園、奧賽美術館、大凱旋門等。

奧斯曼的「大巴黎都市計畫」是帝制下的集權產物，他悍然推倒近六成的舊樓房、摧毀巴黎的中世紀面貌，是整容也是毀容，為當時小市民所厭惡和詛咒。

密特朗的「大建築計畫」則是總統個人意志的展現，貝聿銘玻璃金字塔的美醜與否，至今仍爭論不休。

如今的巴黎既非帝制，也不復總統一言堂的強人時代。沙克吉邀請的10位建築師來自世界各地，既有「外來和尚」倫敦建築師理查羅傑斯、荷蘭建築團隊MVRDV等，也有本土大師尚努維勒。10組方案將在本周對公眾開放展示，意圖激發巴黎民眾對城市未來的的關注和討論。最後底定的方案將成為法國政府改造巴黎的圖紙，這將是繼奧斯曼之後、巴黎最雄心勃勃的工程。

21世紀城市面對暖化、人口嚴重爆炸，即便是深具歷史價值的古都名城，也必須思考轉型。如北京、倫敦藉奧運之名進行整容；而如巴黎、麥加則選擇向世界建築大師「求診」。

美麗如巴黎，也必須為20年後預作準備。同樣只有數年任期的法國總統，卻敢為20年後的巴黎「做夢」，想必也讓眼光只能短到4年後、8年後的台灣人欣羨不已。

什麼時候，台北會有這樣的遠見和勇氣？

【2009/03/20 聯合報】

Ten Scenarios for ‘Grand Paris’ Metropolis Now Up for Public Debate

Source from


On September 17, 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy marked the inauguration of “La Cité de l’architecture & du patrimoine”, the visionary plan for a new ‘Grand Paris’, by stating his wish for international consultation on a “new comprehensive development project for Greater Paris” which would bring together the professional expertise of ten architecture and urban planning agencies.

The consultation process was launched at the beginning of 2008 and is being overseen by a steering committee made up of representatives of the State, the City of Paris, the Île-de-France Regional Authority and the Île-de-France Mayoral Association, with the support of a scientific committee of 23 qualified figures led by architect Paul Chemetov and geographer Michel Lussault. President Sarkozy appointed the minister of Culture and Communication to coordinate the consultation process.
Since June 2008, each team has been working to complete the two components of the consultation: “the 21st century post-Kyoto metropolis” and “the present and future analysis of the Paris agglomeration”.

From April 29 to November 22, 2009, the “Le Grand Pari de l’agglomeration parisienne” exhibition will present the results of the consultation.

The proposals of the ten multidisciplinary teams – selected as part of the consultation and working in partnership with architects and urban planners – will be presented at Musée de la Cité:

Sir Richard Rogers, Rogers Stirk Harbour & Partners/London School of Economics /Arup team:

Image: Roger Stirk Harbour Partners

Yves Lion, Groupe Descartes team:

Image: A. Grondeau

Djamel Klouche, AUC team:

Image: L’AUC

Christian de Portzamparc, Atelier Christian de Portzamparc team:

Image: Atelier Christian de Portzamparc

Antoine Grumbach, Agence Grumbach and associates team:

Image: Antoine Grumbach

Jean Nouvel, representative of the Ateliers Jean Nouvel/Michel Cantal-Dupart /Jean-Marie Duthilleul team:

Image: Ateliers Jean Nouvel

Bernardo Secchi and Poal Vigano, Studio 09 team:

Image: Studio09 Bernardo Secchi Paola Viganò

Finn Geipel, LIN team:

Image: Linn Finn Geipel-Giulia/Andi

Roland Castro, Ateliers Castro/Denissof/Casi team:

Image: Atelier Castro Denissof Casi

Winy Maas, MVRDV team:

Image: MVRDV Grand Paris

An exhibition presenting ten scenarios for the Paris metropolis
For the first time, Musée de la Cité welcomes the ten visions of the future of greater Paris to its collection of casts of French monuments. The exhibition design by 2004 NAJA (Nouveaux albums de la Jeune architecture) award winner Jean-Christophe Quinton presents ten contemporary installations in a historical itinerary, giving each team the freedom to make the most of their space to present their proposal. This approach gives rise to ten different ways of presenting ten research and development strategies.
See exhibition details in the Bustler Events section.

An exhibition introduced by a major public debate:
“Le Grand Pari(s): à la recherche de nouveaux équilibres”

All the teams consulted will gather at La Cité de l’architecture & du patrimoine on March 17, 2009, along with external figures, for a day-long public debate in the great hall of Théâtre national de Chaillot. The teams will be invited to compare their proposals in areas like the environment, economics, social balances and mobility. Actors from other major “metropolitan projects” (Greater London, Greater Madrid, Greater Berlin, etc.) will be invited to share their experiences.

文章出處及更多相關內容

http://www.archifield.net/vb/showthread.php?p=16965